Crema is one of the most recognisable features of espresso. That golden-brown layer of foam sitting proudly on top of the cup is more than just visual appeal, it’s a sign of freshness, quality, and good technique. Understanding what crema is and how to achieve it can help you improve your espresso at home or in your café.

What Is Crema?

Crema is formed when hot water under pressure emulsifies oils and releases carbon dioxide trapped inside coffee grounds. The result is a fine layer of tiny bubbles that rise to the surface, giving your espresso its signature look. It’s made up of coffee oils, proteins, and gases that together create texture and aroma.

Why Crema Matters

While crema itself doesn’t carry all the flavour, it plays an important role in the overall experience of drinking espresso:

• Freshness indicator: A thick, stable crema usually means your coffee was roasted recently. Stale beans struggle to produce it.

• Grind consistency: Crema reflects how evenly your grinder processes coffee. A poor grind often leads to thin or uneven crema.

• Extraction balance: The colour and texture of crema can hint at whether your shot is over- or under-extracted.

What Good Crema Looks Like

A desirable crema has:

• A rich hazelnut colour, sometimes with darker streaks known as “tiger striping.”

• A dense and velvety texture that lingers for at least a minute.

• A fine bubble structure, not big or foamy.

Common Crema Problems and What They Mean

• Very thin or no crema → Beans are too old, grind is too coarse, or water pressure is low.

• Crema that vanishes quickly → Coffee lacks freshness or oils.

• Very dark crema with a bitter taste → Over-extraction or overly dark roast.

• Large bubbles and pale crema → Under-extraction or too coarse a grind.

How to Improve Your Crema at Home

• Use fresh beans: Coffee is at its best within a few weeks of roasting Fresh Coffee Beans

• Grind with precision: A consistent, fine grind is crucial. Espresso Grinders

• Check your tamping: Even pressure ensures uniform extraction. Tampers

• Maintain your machine: Clean groupheads, filters, and ensure good water pressure. Cleaning Products

Final Thoughts

Crema may be small in volume, but it carries big meaning. By paying attention to freshness, grind quality, and machine care, you can consistently produce espresso with rich, long-lasting crema that enhances both flavour and presentation.